Human rights defenders
HuMENA documents the cases of human rights defenders in the Middle East and North Africa who have been targeted for their work. Each entry is a dated case file.
Scope of the archive and inclusion criteria
HuMENA applies the definition set out in the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders: a human rights defender is any person who, individually or with others, acts by peaceful means to promote or protect internationally recognised human rights, their own or those of others. The status derives from the act, not from a person's profession or title.
Each person in this archive meets two conditions, established by reliable sources: a specific act of this kind, and targeting that followed from it. Cases that rest solely on a violation suffered, on family ties to a defender, on party membership, or on prosecution in a politically sensitive case fall outside its scope.
References: UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders (resolution 53/144, 1998); HuMENA Editorial Guide.
Defenders on record, by country
Select a country to show its case files in the list below. The same countries are available in the country filter.
The Record
Filtered cases
At liberty Ghassan Abdallah
Released May 2018, arrested May 2018
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Ill-treatment, 16 May 2022
At liberty Ali Akram al-Bayati
Released February 2022, arrested February 2022
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Departure into exile, 2022
At liberty Waad Bahjat
Released November 2020, arrested November 2020
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Context, 4 May 2021
At liberty Solafa Magdy
Released April 2021, arrested November 2019
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Departure into exile, 26 September 2021
At liberty Malcolm Bidali
Released May 2021, arrested May 2021
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Travel ban lifted, 16 August 2021
Hafiz Haron
Released August 2021, arrested May 2021
Arbitrary detention
At liberty Mansour Mohamed Atti Al-Maghrabi
Released April 2022, arrested June 2021
Arbitrary detention
At liberty Samar Badawi
Released June 2021, arrested January 2016
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Conviction, 26 June 2021
At liberty Abd Al Hamid Goura
Released June 2021, arrested June 2021
Arbitrary detention
Badr Baabou
Context, November 2021
Physical assault
At liberty Maâti Monjib
Released July 2024, arrested 1995
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Hunger strike begins, 31 March 2026
At liberty Mahfouda Bamba Lefkire
Released May 2020, arrested November 2019
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Physical assault, 17 March 2025