Human rights defenders
HuMENA documents the cases of human rights defenders in the Middle East and North Africa who have been targeted for their work. Each entry is a dated case file.
Scope of the archive and inclusion criteria
HuMENA applies the definition set out in the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders: a human rights defender is any person who, individually or with others, acts by peaceful means to promote or protect internationally recognised human rights, their own or those of others. The status derives from the act, not from a person's profession or title.
Each person in this archive meets two conditions, established by reliable sources: a specific act of this kind, and targeting that followed from it. Cases that rest solely on a violation suffered, on family ties to a defender, on party membership, or on prosecution in a politically sensitive case fall outside its scope.
References: UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders (resolution 53/144, 1998); HuMENA Editorial Guide.
Defenders on record, by country
Select a country to show its case files in the list below. The same countries are available in the country filter.
The Record
Filtered cases
At liberty Malcolm Bidali
Released May 2021, arrested May 2021
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Travel ban lifted, 16 August 2021
At liberty Faleh Hammoudi
Released March 2022, arrested February 2022
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Context, 29 September 2022
Jamal Ahrouch
Held since September 2021
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Conviction, 30 November 2021
At liberty Haytham Mohamadeen
Released September 2022, arrested September 2013
Arbitrary detention
At liberty Delsoz Khalaf
Referral to trial, 17 August 2023
Judicial harassment
Mohad Gasmi
Released November 2024, arrested June 2020
Arbitrary detention
Kaddour Chouicha
Released December 2023, arrested October 2019
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Acquittal, 26 February 2025
At liberty Abdelwahab Ahmed Mohamed Hashem “Bob”
Released December 2025, arrested September 2025
Arbitrary detention
Detained (pretrial) Ahmed Amasha
Held since June 2020
Arbitrary detention
Latest: UN opinion or decision, August 2025
Imprisoned (serving sentence) Ali Mammeri
Held since March 2025
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Appeal: sentence reduced, 1 February 2026
At liberty Nezha Majdi
Released March 2026, arrested April 2021
Arbitrary detention
Ahmed Hamdy Abou Zeid Al-Tanoubi
Held since March 2020
Arbitrary detention
Latest: Hearing, April 2026